Beneath the waves of the high seas, beyond the national borders of any country, lies the deep seabed. Known in international law as the “Area,” it covers 54% of the global ocean and lies at depths from 200 to 10,000 meters below the ocean’s surface.
It is home to ancient geological formations and ecosystems, including abyssal plains, seamounts and hydrothermal vents, some soaring 35 m high, millions of years in the making. These ecosystems exist in extreme conditions of perpetual darkness, high pressure and near-freezing temperatures.
Author summary: Exploring deep seabed ecosystems.